High accuracy sensor nodes for a peat swamp forest fire detection using ESP32 camera

Abstract

The use of smoke sensors in high-precision and low-cost forest fire detection kits needs to be developed immediately to assist the authorities in monitoring forest fires, especially in remote areas more efficiently and systematically. The implementation of automatic reclosing operation allows the fire detector kit to distinguish between real smoke and non-real smoke successfully. This has profitably reduced kit errors when detecting fires and in turn prevent the users from receiving incorrect messages. However, using a smoke sensor with automatic reclosing operation has not been able to optimize the accuracy of identifying the actual smoke due to the working sensor node situation being difficult to predict and sometimes unexpected such as the source of smoke received. Thus, to further improve the accuracy when detecting the presence of smoke, the system is equipped with two digital cameras that can capture and send pictures of fire smoke to the users. The system gives the users choice of three interesting options if they want the camera to capture and send pictures to them, namely request, smoke trigger and movement for security purposes. In all cases, users can request the system to send pictures at any time. The system equipped with this camera shows the accuracy of smoke detection by confirming the actual smoke that has been detected through images sent in the user’s Telegram channel and on the graphical user interface (GUI) display. As a comparison of the system before and after using this camera, it was found that the system that uses the camera gives an advantage to the users in monitoring fire smoke more effectively and accurately.